Legacy and emerging per- and polyfluorinated alkyl substances (PFASs) in sediment and edible fish from the Eastern Red Sea

and perfluorinated alkyl substances (PFASs) are ubiquitously detected all around the world. Herein, for first time, concentrations of 16 selected legacy emerging PFASs reported sediment edible fish collected from Saudi Arabian Red Sea. Mean varied 0.57 to 2.6 ?g kg?1 dry weight (dw) in sediment, 3.89–7.63 dw muscle, 17.9–58.5 liver. Wastewater treatment plant effluents represented main source these compounds contributed exposure PFAS biota. Perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) was most abundant compound tissues analysed, comprising between 42 99% ?16PFAS. The short chain perfluorobutanoate (PFBA) second dominant at a maximum concentration 0.64 dw. levels patterns differed investigated species. Across species, ?16PFAS liver were significantly higher than muscle by factor ranging 3 7 depending on species size. PFOS replacements fluorotelomer (6:2 FTS) perfluorobutane (PFBS) exhibited bioaccumulation potential several 6:2 FTS, 7.1 ± 3.3 doublespotted queenfish (Scomberoides lysan) PFBS 2.65 strong spine silver-biddy (Gerres longirostris) calculated dietary intake PFOS, perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA), perfluorononanoic (PFNA) perfluorohexane sulfonic (PFHxS) exceeded safety threshold established European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) 2020 indicating health risk humans consuming this Jeddah, Arabia.